Ontario HIV Clinics' Fact Sheet Kaposi's SarcomaWhat is Kaposi's Sarcoma?
Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is a tumour characterized by the "abnormal" growth of small blood vessels under the skin. Research continues and many theories exist
about its cause. One such theory is that it may be caused by a type of herpes virus which may be sexually transmitted. What do I look for? Look for purple, red, blue or black lesions. These can
occur anywhere on your body. They may be raised or flat, and may cause no discomfort. At first, you may think they are bruises. Lymph node enlargement and swelling of the arms, legs or face can also occur.
KS can also appear in your mouth and internal organs. KS in the mouth may cause discomfort and difficulty swallowing depending on the size and location of the lesion. Involvement of the lungs can lead to
shortness of breath. Can Kaposi's Sarcoma be prevented? KS appears more frequently in gay men with HIV as compared to other infected individuals. If the above theory holds true of sexual
transmission being the cause, practising safer sex may reduce your risk of developing KS. How is Kaposi's Sarcoma treated? Cosmetic
If you have few lesions, you may not need medical treatment. However, if the lesions are a cause of concern in that they make you feel unattractive, cosmetic treatment or"camouflage" may be of
benefit. Contact your HIV clinic. They may give you direction in contacting a cosmetician to assist you in this matter.
Radiotherapy
This treatment is localized (directed specifically at the lesions) and can reduce the size and number of lesions in areas where they can cause discomfort, eg. genitals, soles of feet, mouth. Therapy
can cause discolouration at the site, which may be concealed with make-up.
Cryotherapy
Alpha Interferon
Alpha Interferon is given in combination with AZT. Alpha Interferon is injected underneath the skin. You can be taught to do this yourself. Side effects are similar to having the flu, eg. fever,
chills, aches, nausea. Taking acetaminophen (Tylenol) before injection may decrease these side effects. A lower dosage may also reduce side effects.
Chemotherapy
This treatment involves medication given directly into your vein. It differs from radiation, in that it works throughout your body, not just on the lesions themselves. This is used when KS has
affected internal organs or has caused many skin lesions. The problem with chemotherapy is that it can further weaken the immune system. Side effects can include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, hair loss,
liver and kidney problems. Ask your doctor which treatment would be best suited to your needs.
References Whiteheak, M., Patterson, B. (1993). Managing your health: A guide for people living with HIV/AIDS. Toronto: CATIE & Toronto People with AIDS Foundation.
Grimes, D., Grimes, R. (1994). AIDS and HIV infection. Toronto: Mosby. Ontario HIV Clinics' Network, May 1996 |
